Nov 21, · Mbti reflection essay — rabindranath tagore biography in hindi essay? & Short essay about enzyme. Ratings. 92 % () Mbti reflection essay — rabindranath tagore biography in hindi essay?. Examples of argumentative essay for grade 7 Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/ r ə ˈ b ɪ n d r ə n ɑː t t æ ˈ ɡ ɔːr / (); born Rabindranath Thakur, 7 May – 7 August ; sobriquet Gurudev, Kobiguru, Biswakobi) was a Bengali polymath - poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early Nov 21, · 94 % () Essay on social vulnerability | essay rabindranath tagore biography in english! How to write an introduction for a history essay Essay on social vulnerability | essay rabindranath tagore biography in english! | Essay choice education
Rabindranath Tagore - Wikipedia
Amartya Kumar Sen Bengali: [ˈɔmortːo ˈʃen] ; born 3 November is an Indian economist and philosopher, who since has taught and worked in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Sen has made contributions to welfare economicssocial choice theoryeconomic and social justiceeconomic theories of faminesdecision theory, development economics, public health, and measures of well-being of countries. He is currently a Thomas W. Lamont University Professorand Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University. The German Publishers and Booksellers Association awarded him the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade for his pioneering scholarship addressing issues of global justice and combating social inequality in education and healthcare.
Amartya Sen was born in a Hindu Baidya [8] [9] [10] family in BengalBritish India. Rabindranath Tagore gave Amartya Sen his name Bengali : অমর্ত্যromanized : ômortolit. His father Ashutosh Sen was Professor of Chemistry at Dhaka Universityessay of rabindranath tagore, Development Commissioner in Delhi and then Chairman of the West Bengal Public Service Commission.
He moved with his family to West Bengal in Sen's mother Amita Sen was the daughter of Kshiti Mohan Senthe eminent Sanskritist and scholar of ancient and medieval India, who was a close associate of Rabindranath Tagore. Sen served as the second Vice Chancellor of Visva Bharati University from to Sen began his school education at St Gregory's School in Dhaka in In the fall ofSen was essay of rabindranath tagore to Patha BhavanaShantiniketan, where he completed his school education.
The school had many progressive features, such as distaste for examinations or competitive testing. In addition, the school stressed cultural diversity, and embraced cultural influences from the rest of the world. in Economics with First in the First Class, with a minor in Mathematics, as a graduating student of the University of Calcutta. in Economics in with a First Class, topping the list as well. At this time, he was elected President of the Cambridge Majlis.
He is still the youngest chairman to have headed the Department of Economics. He served in that position, starting the new Economics Department, from to Meanwhile, Sen was elected to a Prize Fellowship at Trinity College, which gave him four years of freedom to do anything he liked; he made the radical decision to study philosophy.
Sen explained: "The broadening of my studies into philosophy was important for me not just because some of my main essay of rabindranath tagore of interest in economics relate quite closely to philosophical disciplines for example, social choice theory makes intense use of mathematical logic and also draws on moral philosophyand so does the study of inequality and deprivationbut also because I found philosophical studies very rewarding on their own. One of the books he was most interested in was Kenneth Arrow 's Social Choice and Individual Values.
In Cambridge, there were major debates between supporters of Keynesian economicsand the neo-classical economists who were skeptical of Keynes. Because of a lack of enthusiasm for social choice theory in both Trinity and Cambridge, Sen chose a different subject for his PhD thesis, which was on " The Choice of Techniques " in The work had been completed earlier, except for advice from his adjunct supervisor in India, Professor A.
Dasguptagiven to Sen while teaching and revising his work at Jadavpur, under the supervision of the "brilliant but vigorously intolerant" post-KeynesianJoan Robinson. During —61, Amartya Sen visited the Massachusetts Institute of Technologyon leave from Trinity College, essay of rabindranath tagore. Sen's work on 'Choice of Techniques' complemented that of Maurice Dobb. In a developing country, the Dobb-Sen strategy relied on maximising investible surpluses, maintaining constant real wages and using the entire increase in labour productivity, due to technological change, to raise the rate of accumulation.
In other words, workers were expected to demand no improvement in their essay of rabindranath tagore of living despite having become more productive, essay of rabindranath tagore. Sen's papers in the late s and early s helped develop the theory of social choiceessay of rabindranath tagore first came to prominence essay of rabindranath tagore the work by the American economist Kenneth Arrow. Arrow had most famously shown that when voters have three or more distinct alternatives optionsany ranked order voting system will in at least some situations inevitably conflict with what many assume to be basic democratic norms.
Sen's contribution to the literature was to show under what conditions Arrow's impossibility theorem [18] applied, essay of rabindranath tagore, as well as essay of rabindranath tagore extend and enrich the theory of social choice, informed by his interests in history of economic thought and philosophy, essay of rabindranath tagore.
Inessay of rabindranath tagore, Sen published Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivationa book in essay of rabindranath tagore he argued that famine occurs not only from a lack of food, essay of rabindranath tagore, but from essay of rabindranath tagore built into mechanisms for distributing food. Sen also argued that the Bengal famine was caused by an urban economic boom that raised food pricesthereby causing millions of rural workers to starve to death when their wages did not keep up.
Sen's interest in famine stemmed from personal experience. As a nine-year-old boy, he witnessed the Bengal famine ofin which three million people perished. This staggering loss of life was unnecessary, Sen later concluded. He presents data that there was an adequate food supply in Bengal at the time, but particular groups of people including rural landless labourers and urban service providers like barbers did not have the means to buy food as its price rose rapidly due to factors that include acquisitions by the militarypanic buyingessay of rabindranath tagore, hoarding, and price gougingall of them connected to the war in the region, essay of rabindranath tagore.
In Poverty and FaminesSen revealed that in many cases of famine, food supplies were not essay of rabindranath tagore reduced. In Bengal, for example, food production, while down on the previous year, was higher than in previous non-famine years. Sen points to a number of social and economic factors, such as declining wages, unemployment, rising food prices, and poor food-distribution, which led to starvation.
His capabilities approach focuses on positive freedoma person's actual ability to be or do something, rather than on negative freedom approaches, which are common in economics and simply focuses on non-interference. In the Bengal famine, rural laborers' negative freedom to buy food was not affected. However, they still starved because they were not positively free to do anything, they did not have the functioning of nourishment, nor the capability to escape morbidity.
In addition to his important work on the causes of famines, Sen's work in the field of development economics has had considerable influence in the formulation of the " Human Development Report ", [20] published by the United Nations Development Programme. Sen's revolutionary contribution to development economics and social indicators is the concept of " capability " developed in his article Equality of What. This is because top-down development will always trump human rights as long as the definition of terms remains in doubt is a "right" something that must be provided or something that simply cannot be taken away?
For instance, in the United States citizens have a right to vote. To Sen, this concept is fairly empty. In order for citizens to have a capacity to vote, they first must have "functionings". These "functionings" can range from the very broad, such as the availability of education, to the very specific, such as transportation to the polls. Only when such barriers are removed can the citizen truly be said to act out of personal choice. It is up to the individual society to make the list of minimum capabilities guaranteed by that society.
For an example of the "capabilities approach" in practice, see Martha Nussbaum 's Women and Human Development. He essay of rabindranath tagore a controversial article in The New York Review of Books entitled "More Than Million Women Are Missing" see Missing women of Asiaanalyzing the mortality impact of unequal rights between the genders in the developing world, particularly Asia. Other studies, including one by Emily Osterhad argued that this is an overestimation, though Oster has since then recanted her conclusions.
InSen further advanced and redefined the capability approach in his book Development as Freedom. Sen was inspired by violent acts he had essay of rabindranath tagore as a child leading up to the Partition of India in On one morning, a Muslim daily labourer named Kader Mia stumbled through the rear gate of Sen's family home, bleeding from a knife wound in his back.
Because of his extreme poverty, he had come to Sen's primarily Hindu neighbourhood searching for work; his choices were the starvation of his family or the risk of death in coming to the essay of rabindranath tagore. The price of Kader Mia's economic unfreedom was his death. Kader Mia need not have come to a hostile area in search of income in those troubled times if his family could have managed without it.
This experience led Sen to begin thinking about economic unfreedom from a young age. In Development as FreedomSen outlines five specific types of freedoms: political freedoms, economic facilities, essay of rabindranath tagore, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security, essay of rabindranath tagore. Political freedoms refer to the ability of the people to have a voice in government and to be able to scrutinize the authorities, essay of rabindranath tagore.
Economic facilities concern both the resources within the market and the market mechanism itself. Any focus on essay of rabindranath tagore and wealth in the country would serve to increase the economic facilities for the people. Social opportunities deal with the establishments that provide benefits like healthcare or education for the populace, allowing individuals to live better lives. Transparency guarantees allow individuals to interact with some degree of trust and knowledge of the interaction.
Protective security is the system of social safety nets that prevent a group affected by poverty being subjected to terrible misery. Before Sen's work, these had been viewed as only the ends of development; luxuries afforded to countries that focus on increasing income. However, Sen argues that the increase in real freedoms should be both the ends and the means of development. He elaborates upon this by illustrating the closely interconnected natures of the five main freedoms as he believes that expansion of one of those freedoms can lead to expansion in another one as well.
In this regard he discusses the correlation between social opportunities of education and health and how both of these complement economic and political freedoms as a healthy and well-educated person is better suited to make informed economic decisions and be involved in fruitful political demonstrations etc. A comparison is also drawn between China and India to illustrate this interdependence of freedoms. Both countries were working towards developing their economies, China since and India since Welfare economics seeks to evaluate economic policies in terms of their effects on the well-being of the community.
Sen, who devoted his career to such issues, was called the "conscience of his profession". His influential monograph Collective Choice and Social Welfarewhich addressed problems related to individual rights including formulation of the liberal paradoxjustice and equity, majority rule, and the availability of information about individual conditions, inspired researchers to turn their attention to issues of basic welfare.
Sen devised methods of measuring poverty that yielded useful information for improving economic conditions for the poor. For instance, his theoretical work on inequality provided an explanation for why there are fewer women than men in India [26] and in China essay of rabindranath tagore the fact that in the West and in poor but medically unbiased countries, women have lower mortality rates at all ages, essay of rabindranath tagore, live longer, and make a slight majority of the population.
Sen claimed that this skewed ratio results from the better health treatment and childhood opportunities afforded boys in those countries, as well as sex-selective abortions, essay of rabindranath tagore. Governments and international organisations handling food crises were influenced by Sen's work. His views encouraged policy makers to pay attention not only to alleviating immediate suffering but also to finding ways to replace the lost income of the poor—for example through public works—and to maintain stable prices for food.
A vigorous defender of political freedom, Sen believed that famines do not occur in functioning democracies because their leaders must be more responsive to the demands of the citizens. In order for economic growth to be achieved, he argued, social reforms—such as improvements in education and essay of rabindranath tagore health—must precede economic reform.
InSen published a book called The Idea of Justice. In opposition to Rawls but also earlier justice theoreticians Immanuel Kantessay of rabindranath tagore, Jean-Jacques Rousseau or David Humeand inspired by the philosophical works of Adam Smith and Mary WollstonecraftSen essay of rabindranath tagore a theory that is both comparative and realisations-oriented instead of being transcendental and institutional.
However, he still regards institutions and processes as being equally important. As an alternative to Rawls's veil of ignoranceessay of rabindranath tagore, Sen chose the thought experiment of an impartial spectator as the basis of his theory of justice.
He also stressed the importance of public discussion understanding democracy in the sense of John Stuart Mill and a focus on people's capabilities an approach that he had co-developedincluding the notion of universal human rights, in evaluating various states with regard to justice, essay of rabindranath tagore.
Sen began his career both as a teacher and a research scholar in the Department of Economics, Jadavpur University as a Professor of Economics in He spent two years in that position.
From toSen served as a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Between andSen was a visiting professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, where he got to know Paul SamuelsonRobert SolowFranco Modiglianiand Norbert Wiener. He taught as Professor of Economics between and at the Delhi School of Economics where he completed his magnum opus Collective Choice and Social Welfare in During this time Sen was also a frequent visitor to various other premiere Indian economic schools and centres of excellence like Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityIndian Statistical InstituteCentre for Development StudiesGokhale Institute of Politics and Economics and Centre for Studies in Social Sciences.
Short essay on Rabindranath Tagore in english - speech on Rabindranath Tagore in english - Cursive
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Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India originally written in Bengali, by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. This essay takes a look at its history, evolution, lyrics, meaning and translation Rabindranath Tagore was an Indian poet, born in in what was then Calcutta, India. He was and is the foremost poet in the Bengali language, and was also versed in a short story, play, and essay writer, as well as painting and composing music. He started writing poetry early and throughout his life he would publish several books as well as a Nov 21, · Mbti reflection essay — rabindranath tagore biography in hindi essay? & Short essay about enzyme. Ratings. 92 % () Mbti reflection essay — rabindranath tagore biography in hindi essay?. Examples of argumentative essay for grade 7
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