Critical Essays Swift's Satire in Gulliver's Travels Gulliver's Travels was unique in its day; it was not written to woo or entertain. It was an indictment, and it was most popular among those who were indicted — that is, politicians, scientists, philosophers, and Englishmen in general Mar 22, · A prince or princess would typically be referred to as "your royal highness." Duke, Duchess. A duke, from the Latin dux (another word for a military leader), is the ruler of a dukedom or duchy. If the dukedom is an independent country, its leader may be called a grand duke. Originally all English dukes were of royal blood. When sons of kings Mar 16, · blogger.comam, Maharaja, –Mixed-media collage with paper and paint on board, x cm. Royal Ontario Museum Collection
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The Royal Navy RN is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in royal essays Hundred Years' War against France.
The modern Royal Navy traces its royal essays to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed servicesroyal essays, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.
From the middle decades of the 17th century, and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy. From the mid 18th century, it was the world's most powerful navy until the Second World War, royal essays. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire.
Owing to this historical prominence, it is common, even among non-Britons, to refer to it as "the Royal Navy" without qualification. Following World War Iit was significantly reduced in size, [7] although at the onset of World War II it was still the world's largest. During the Cold Warthe Royal Navy transformed into a primarily anti-submarine forcehunting for Soviet submarines and mostly active in the GIUK gap.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Unionits focus has returned to expeditionary operations around the world and it remains one of the world's foremost blue-water navies. The Royal Navy maintains a fleet of technologically sophisticated ships, submarines, and aircraft, including two aircraft carrierstwo amphibious transport docksfour ballistic missile submarines which maintain the nuclear deterrentroyal essays, six nuclear fleet submarinessix guided missile destroyers12 royal essaysroyal essays, 11 mine-countermeasure vessels and 26 patrol vessels.
As of Augustthere are 75 operational commissioned ships including submarines as well as one historic ship, royal essays, HMS Victory in the Royal Navy, plus 11 ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary RFA ; there are also five Merchant Navy ships available to the RFA under a private finance initiative. The RFA replenishes Royal Navy warships at sea, and augments the Royal Navy's amphibious warfare capabilities through its three Royal essays landing ship vessels.
It also works as a force multiplier for the Royal Navy, often doing patrols that frigates used to do. The Royal Navy is part of Her Majesty's Naval Serviceroyal essays also includes the Royal Marines.
The professional head of the Naval Service is the First Sea Lord who is an admiral and member of the Defence Council of the United Kingdom. The Defence Council delegates management of the Naval Service to the Admiralty Boardroyal essays, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence.
The Royal Navy operates from three bases in Britain where commissioned ships and submarines are based: PortsmouthClyde and Devonportthe last being the largest operational naval base in Western Europe, as well royal essays two naval air stations, RNAS Yeovilton and RNAS Culdrose where maritime aircraft are based. As the seaborne branch of HM Armed Forcesthe RN has various roles. As it stands today, the RN has stated its 6 major roles as detailed below in umbrella terms. The Royal Navy was formally founded in by Henry VIII [12] though the Kingdom of England and its predecessor states had possessed less organised naval forces for centuries prior to this.
During much royal essays the medieval period, fleets or "king's ships" were often established or gathered for specific campaigns or actions, and these would disperse afterwards. These were generally merchant ships enlisted into service. Unlike some European states, England did not maintain a small permanent core of royal essays in peacetime.
England's naval organisation was haphazard and the mobilization royal essays fleets when war broke out was slow. The lack of an organised navy came to a head during the First Barons' Warin which Prince Louis of France invaded England in support of royal essays barons. With King Royal essays unable to organise a navy, this meant the French landed at Sandwich unopposed in April John's flight to Winchester and his death later that year left the Earl of Pembroke as regent, royal essays, and he was able to marshal ships to fight the French in the Battle of Sandwich in one of the royal essays major English battles at sea, royal essays.
French plans for an invasion of England failed when Edward III of England royal essays the French fleet in the Battle of Sluys in Such raids halted only with the occupation of northern France by Henry V.
The Vikings clashed with Scotland over control of the isles [24] though Alexander III was ultimately successful in asserting Scottish control. A standing "Navy Royal", [12] with its own secretariat, dockyards and royal essays permanent core of purpose-built warships, emerged during the reign of Henry VIII. Inroyal essays, the Union of the Crowns created a personal union between England and Scotland.
While the two remained distinct sovereign states for a further century, the two navies increasingly fought as a single force. During the early 17th century, England's relative naval power deteriorated until Charles I undertook a major programme of shipbuilding. His methods of financing the fleet contributed to the outbreak of the English Civil Warand the abolition of the monarchy.
The Commonwealth of England replaced many names and symbols in the new commonwealth navy, associated with royalty and royal essays high churchand expanded it to become royal essays most powerful in the world, royal essays.
The Restoration saw Charles II rename the Royal Navy again, and started use of the prefix HMS. The navy remained a national institution and not a possession of the Crown as it had been before. Inthe Scottish navy was merged into the Royal Navy. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the Royal Navy was the largest maritime force in the world, [34] maintaining superiority in financing, tactics, training, organisation, social cohesion, royal essays, hygiene, logistical support and warship design.
The expansion of the Royal Navy would encourage the British colonization of the Americaswith British North America becoming a vital source of timber for the Royal Navy. The United States was allied to Franceand the Netherlands and Spain was also at war with Britain. In the Battle of the Chesapeake royal essays, the British fleet failed to lift the French blockade, resulting in the surrender of an entire British army at Yorktown.
Under Lord Nelsonroyal essays, the navy defeated the combined Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar Between andthe Navy saw little serious action, owing to the absence of any opponent strong enough to challenge its dominance. During this period, royal essays, naval warfare underwent a comprehensive transformation, brought about by steam propulsionmetal ship construction, and explosive munitions.
Despite having to completely replace its war fleet, the Navy royal essays to maintain its overwhelming advantage over all potential rivals. Owing to British leadership in the Industrial Revolutionthe country enjoyed unparalleled shipbuilding capacity and financial resources, which ensured that no rival could take advantage of these revolutionary changes to negate the British advantage in ship numbers. The launch of HMS Dreadnought in rendered all existing battleships obsolete.
The Royal Navy played an historic role in several great global explorations of science and discovery. James Cook led three great royal essays, with goals such as discovering Terra Australisobserving the Transit of Venus and searching for the elusive North-West Passagethese voyages are considered to have contributed to world knowledge and science. In the late 18th century, during a four year voyage Captain George Vancouver made detailed maps of the Western Coastline of North America.
In the 19th century Charles Darwin made further contributions to science during the Second voyage of HMS Beagle. During the First World Warthe Royal Navy's strength was mostly deployed at home in the Grand Fleetconfronting the German High Seas Fleet across the North Sea, royal essays. Several inconclusive clashes took place between them, chiefly the Battle of Jutland in Nevertheless, the Royal Navy played an important role in securing the British Isles and the English Channelnotably ferrying the entire British Expeditionary Force to the Western Front without the loss of a single life at the beginning of the war.
At the end of the war, the Royal Navy remained by far the world's most powerful navy. It was larger than the U.
Royal essays and French Navy combined, and over twice as large as the Imperial Japanese Navy and Royal Italian Navy combined. Its former primary competitor the Imperial German Navy was destroyed at the end of the war. The Washington and London Naval Treaties imposed the scrapping of some capital ships and limitations on new construction. In addition to new construction, several existing old battleshipsbattlecruisers and heavy cruisers were reconstructed, and anti-aircraft weaponry reinforced, while new technologies, such as ASDICHuff-Duff and hydrophoneswere developed.
At the start of World War II inthe Royal Navy was the largest in the world, with over royal essays, vessels [59] [60] The Royal Navy provided critical cover during Operation Dynamothe British evacuations from Dunkirkand as the ultimate deterrent to a German invasion of Britain during the following four months. The Luftwaffe under Hermann Göring attempted to gain air supremacy over southern England in the Battle of Britain in order to neutralize the Home Fleetbut faced stiff resistance from the Royal Air Force.
The Royal Navy suffered heavy losses in the first two years of the war, royal essays. Over 3, royal essays were lost when the royal essays troopship Lancastria was sunk in Junethe greatest maritime disaster in Britain's history. A traditional convoy system was instituted from the start of the war, but German submarine tactics, based on group attacks by " wolf-packs ", were much more effective than in the previous war, royal essays, and the threat remained serious for well over three years.
After the Second World War, royal essays, the decline of the British Empire and the economic hardships in Britain forced the reduction in the size and capability of the Royal Navy. The United States Navy instead took on the role of global naval power.
Governments since have faced increasing budgetary pressures, partly due to the increasing cost of weapons systems. At the beginning of the s, the Royal Navy was a force focused on blue-water anti-submarine warfare. Its purpose was to search for and destroy Soviet submarines in the North Atlantic, royal essays, and to operate the nuclear deterrent submarine force.
The navy received its first nuclear weapons with the introduction of the first of the Resolution -class submarines armed with the Polaris missile.
Following the conclusion of the Cold Warthe Royal Navy began to experience a gradual decline in its fleet size in accordance with the changed strategic environment it operated in. While new and more capable ships are continually brought into service, such as the Queen Elizabeth -class aircraft carriersAstute -class submarinesand Type 45 destroyersthe total number of ships and submarines operated has continued royal essays steadily reduce. This has caused considerable debate about the size of the Royal Navy, with a report finding that the current RN was already too small, and that Britain would have to depend on her allies if her territories were attacked.
HMS Raleigh at Torpoint, Cornwall is the basic training facility for newly enlisted ratings. Britannia Royal Naval College is the initial officer training establishment for the navy, located at Dartmouth, Devon. Personnel are divided into a warfare branchwhich includes Warfare Officers previously named royal essays officers and Naval Aviators[70] as well other branches including the Royal Naval EngineersRoyal Navy Medical Branchand Logistics Officers previously named Supply Officers, royal essays.
Present-day officers and ratings have several different uniforms ; some are designed to be worn aboard ship, royal essays ashore or in ceremonial duties. Women began to join the Royal Navy in with the formation of the Women's Royal Naval Service WRNSwhich was disbanded after the end of the First World War in It was revived inand the WRNS continued until disbandment inas a result royal essays the decision to fully integrate women into the structures of the Royal Navy.
Women now serve in all sections of the Royal Navy royal essays the Royal Marines. In Augustthe Ministry of Defence published figures showing that the Royal Navy and Royal Marines had 29, full-time trained personnel compared with a target of 30, In December the First Sea LordAdmiral Tony Radakin outlined a proposal to reduce the number of Rear-Admirals at Navy Command by five.
Training would be concentrated under the Fleet Commander. Amphibious warfare ships in current service include two landing platform docks HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark. While their primary role is to conduct amphibious warfare, they have also been deployed for humanitarian aid missions.
The Royal Navy has two Queen Elizabeth -class aircraft carriers. Each carrier costs £ 3 billion and displaces 65, royal essays, tonnes 64, long tons; 72, short tons. Both are intended to operate the STOVL variant of the F Lightning II. Royal essays Elizabeth began sea trials in Junewas commissioned later that year, and entered service in[77] while the second, HMS Prince of Walesbegan sea trials on 22 Septemberwas commissioned in December and was declared operational as of October The escort fleet comprises guided missile destroyers and frigates royal essays is the traditional workhorse of the Navy.
Among their primary roles is to provide escort for the larger capital ships—protecting them from air, royal essays, surface and subsurface threats.
Other duties include undertaking the Royal Navy's standing deployments across the globe, which often consists of: counter-narcotics, anti-piracy missions and providing humanitarian aid. The Type 45 is primarily designed for anti-aircraft and anti-missile warfare and the Royal Navy describe the destroyer's mission as "to shield the Fleet from air attack".
However, the Delivering Security in a Changing World review announced that three frigates would be royal essays off as part of a cost-cutting exercise, and these were subsequently sold to the Chilean Navy.
There are two classes of MCMVs in the Royal Navy: five Sandown -class minehunters and six Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessels, royal essays.
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The Royal Academy of Bards dedicates itself to the presentation of all genres of Xena: Warrior Princess fan fiction, both alternative and general. Our goals are: to present bardic works to the world, to preserve Xena: Warrior Princess fan fiction history for the posterity of the Internet age, and to act as a forum The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare blogger.comgh warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against blogger.com modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service Critical Essays Swift's Satire in Gulliver's Travels Gulliver's Travels was unique in its day; it was not written to woo or entertain. It was an indictment, and it was most popular among those who were indicted — that is, politicians, scientists, philosophers, and Englishmen in general
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